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The Singing Sign on Cuba Street

Standing waves (strings, pipes, end correction, beats)

A shop sign of mass M=60.0 kgM = 60.0\ \text{kg} hangs below a small ring. The ring is held up by two identical steel wire ropes whose upper ends are fixed to two brackets at the same height, one on each side; each rope makes an angle θ=35.0∘\theta = 35.0^\circ with the vertical. Each rope has length ℓ=2.00 m\ell = 2.00\ \text{m} between bracket and ring, diameter D=6.0 mmD = 6.0\ \text{mm} and mass per unit length μ=0.140 kg m−1\mu = 0.140\ \text{kg m}^{-1}. For transverse waves, the bracket and the ring both act as fixed ends. Ignore the sag of the ropes under their own weight. When wind of speed uu blows across a rope, vortices peel off alternately from either side at frequency fs=0.20 u/Df_{\text{s}} = 0.20\,u/D; the rope 'sings' loudly when fsf_{\text{s}} matches one of its natural frequencies.
Data: g = 9.81 m s⁻²

(a)

show that2 marks
By considering the forces acting on the ring, show that the tension in each rope is T=Mg2cos⁡θT = \dfrac{Mg}{2\cos\theta}, and calculate TT.

(b)

show that2 marks
Show that the natural frequencies of each rope are fn=n2ℓMg2μcos⁡θf_n = \dfrac{n}{2\ell}\sqrt{\dfrac{Mg}{2\mu\cos\theta}}, where n=1,2,3,…n = 1, 2, 3, \dots, and calculate the fundamental frequency.

(c)

calculate2 marks
During a northerly, one rope sings steadily at 228 Hz228\ \text{Hz}. Determine which harmonic is being excited, the number of nodes on the rope (including the ends), and the wind speed.

(d)

discuss2 marks
The owner moves the brackets further apart so that each rope (same length ℓ\ell) now makes 50.0∘50.0^\circ with the vertical. Discuss whether the rope would still sing in the same wind as in (c). In your answer, state which quantities stay constant, calculate the new fundamental frequency, and explain what happens to the rope tension as θ\theta approaches 90∘90^\circ.

Your score: 0 / 8(0 of 4 parts marked — open “Mark it” on each part)